PENICILLINS

BEta LACtam aNTibioTics

• Penicillins







• Cephalosporins




• Monobactams






• Carbapenems

PENICILLINS

1. Penicillins

• Penicillin G

• penicillin V

• benzathine penicillin

• procaine penicillin

- active against gram +ve and gram –ve cocci


2. Antistaphyloccocal penicillins

• Dicloxacillin

• Nafcillin

• Methicillin

• Oxacillin

• Cloxacillin

-Resistance against staphylococcal ß- lactamases -Active against staphylococci and streptococci


3. Extended-spectrum penicillins

• Ticarcillin

• Ampicillin

• Piperacillin

• Carbenicillin

• Amoxicillin

-active against gram -VE and gram +VE

Bacterial cell wall

• Composed of peptidoglycan layer

• Peptidoglycan layer consist of polysaccharides and polypeptide called peptidoglycan unit

• Formation of cross linkage of peptide by pentaglysin bridge involved transpeptidase

Mechanism of action of penicillin

• Bind to the specific receptor

• Inhibit transpeptidase, interferes with cross linkage thus inhibit synthesis of peptidoglycan

• Stimulate autolysin, lysis of the bacteria

• BACTERICIDAL

Beta lactamase inhibitor

• Clavulanic acid

• Sulbactams

• Tazobactams

Adverse effects

• Hypersensitivity

• Gastro intestinal upset

• Leucopenia

• Hepatitis

• Pseudomembranous colitis